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Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980, by Andrew Hurley
Free PDF Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980, by Andrew Hurley
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By examining environmental change through the lens of conflicting social agendas, Andrew Hurley uncovers the historical roots of environmental inequality in contemporary urban America. Hurley's study focuses on the steel mill community of Gary, Indiana, a city that was sacrificed, like a thousand other American places, to industrial priorities in the decades following World War II. Although this period witnessed the emergence of a powerful environmental crusade and a resilient quest for equality and social justice among blue-collar workers and African Americans, such efforts often conflicted with the needs of industry. To secure their own interests, manufacturers and affluent white suburbanites exploited divisions of race and class, and the poor frequently found themselves trapped in deteriorating neighborhoods and exposed to dangerous levels of industrial pollution. In telling the story of Gary, Hurley reveals liberal capitalism's difficulties in reconciling concerns about social justice and quality of life with the imperatives of economic growth. He also shows that the power to mold the urban landscape was intertwined with the ability to govern social relations.
- Sales Rank: #373053 in Books
- Brand: Brand: The University of North Carolina Press
- Published on: 1995-02-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.20" h x .76" w x 6.04" l, .94 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 266 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
A book which will quickly become the standard reference in the field.
"Journal of Social History"
HurleyUs book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
"A devastating critique of American corporate capitalism, made all the more impressive by its meticulous scholarship.
"Journal of American History""
"The book is founded on solid research and is a pleasure to read.
"Choice" ""An important, provocative analysis.""--###Labor History# ""This book is clearly written, carefully researched, and as a result is a compelling condemnation of the power of industrial capital to shape the human and natural environment to its own end. Gary's poor and black residents, as Hurley makes clear, have been and are dying for a better environment.""---###Indiana Magazine of History# ""Andrew Hurley has written an important case study of grass-roots environmental agitation and policy making in Gary, Indiana. His focus on environmental inequalities is particularly useful as scholars and activists pay more attention to urban environmental issues and the environment and social justice.""--Clayton R. Koppes, Oberlin College ""A thoughtful, important book. It furthers our understanding of race and class issues by exploring how they are played out in the struggle for a clean, healthy environment.""--Theodore Steinberg, New Jersey Institute of Technology"
Hurleys book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
A devastating critique of American corporate capitalism, made all the more impressive by its meticulous scholarship.
"Journal of American History"
A model for the historical assessment of how environmental inequalities become established over time in a specific locality.
"Environmental History"
Hurleya[s book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
Hurley_s book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
Hurley 's book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
The book is founded on solid research and is a pleasure to read.
"Choice" "An important, provocative analysis."--###Labor History# "This book is clearly written, carefully researched, and as a result is a compelling condemnation of the power of industrial capital to shape the human and natural environment to its own end. Gary's poor and black residents, as Hurley makes clear, have been and are dying for a better environment."---###Indiana Magazine of History# "Andrew Hurley has written an important case study of grass-roots environmental agitation and policy making in Gary, Indiana. His focus on environmental inequalities is particularly useful as scholars and activists pay more attention to urban environmental issues and the environment and social justice."--Clayton R. Koppes, Oberlin College "A thoughtful, important book. It furthers our understanding of race and class issues by exploring how they are played out in the struggle for a clean, healthy environment."--Theodore Steinberg, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Hurley s book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history.
"American Historical Review"
Review
An important book which anyone interested in cities, the environment, social justice, or just our modern age should read. It is a book which will quickly become the standard reference in the field.--Journal of Social History
Hurley's well-written and well-organized work is a social and environmental history of the unequal distribution of environmental problems caused by industrial production processes. . . . The book is founded on solid research and is a pleasure to read.--Choice
This book is clearly written, carefully researched, and as a result is a compelling condemnation of the power of industrial capital to shape the human and natural environment to its own end. Gary's poor and black residents, as Hurley makes clear, have been and are dying for a better environment.---Indiana Magazine of History
A model for the historical assessment of how environmental inequalities become established over time in a specific locality.--Environmental History
Andrew Hurley has written an important case study of grass-roots environmental agitation and policy making in Gary, Indiana. His focus on environmental inequalities is particularly useful as scholars and activists pay more attention to urban environmental issues and the environment and social justice.--Clayton R. Koppes, Oberlin College
A devastating critique of American corporate capitalism, made all the more impressive by its meticulous scholarship.--Journal of American History
Hurley's book is a sophisticated and persuasive piece of environmental history. It is well-written, deeply researched, and strongly argued, making an effective case for the proposition that environmental inequality has been 'endemic to urban America.'--American Historical Review
An important, provocative analysis.--Labor History
A thoughtful, important book. It furthers our understanding of race and class issues by exploring how they are played out in the struggle for a clean, healthy environment.--Theodore Steinberg, New Jersey Institute of Technology
About the Author
Andrew Hurley is associate professor of history at the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great read!
By Robert E Anderson
I grew up in Gary and the insight and stories from this book were amazing. I lived through this time and all I can say is wow! Accurate description.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Race and class shape how you view the "environment" in Steel City
By Arthur Digbee
This book provides a lively introduction to the politics of environmental issues in once-thriving “Steel City,” Gary, Indiana. Hurley organizes the issues around white middle-class environmentalists, working-class concerns at the U.S. Steel mill, and African-American concerns in both the mill and the neighborhood. These groups view Gary’s problems differently, whether it’s beach access, dune preservation, water pollution, air pollution, fishing and the lake ecosystem, or residential quality of life in neighborhoods both affluent and poor.
At times, the stories intertwine in ways that don’t separate neatly, so the narratives are not as clean as the chapter organization would suggest. In addition, gender shows up as an important factor in all three groups but Hurley doesn't really do anything with it analytically - that would make an interesting extension of the story he has. In addition, I could do without Hurley ritually invoking “industrial capitalism” and “consumer culture.” He has a good narrative and can make those points more effectively without throwing the terms about as much as he does. But those are quibbles with a book that succeeds well in its overall goal to show how environmental issues vary by race and class. It’s an academic book but written in a readable style.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Different sectors of population affected differently by environmental degradation
By Hester Santlow
In Environmental Inequalities, Andrew Hurley traces the dynamics of environmental degradation as experienced by three distinct sectors of society in Gary, Indiana, from 1945 to 1980. Hurley devotes a chapter to each of the particular demographics of three social classes affected by industrial pollution and expansion: white, middle class suburban families, working class whites, largely comprised of ethnic minorities including Serbians, Greeks, Russians, Romanians, Bulgarians, Croatians and Poles among others, and finally a large African-American population (over 35,000 African-American between 1920 and 1950) that migrated from the south in search of employment and improved prospects. Each group was affected by industrial waste in a different, though related, way and each took a unique approach to ameliorating problems specific to its particular group.
White middle class activism was largely led by well-educated stay-at-home moms whose primarily concern was preserving their quality of life. Their primary target was containing the spread of industry to their east side neighborhood (Miller) and preventing the spoilage of surrounding natural areas. They focused on extensive research, political lobbying and events (such as picnics) and personal contacts to meet their goals.
White working class families tended to stay close to ethnic neighborhoods and churches which meant that they continued to live in areas heavily affected by air and water pollution. Although the union (specifically the U.S. Steelworkers union) was an important protector of their wages, benefits and job safety and security, the union was not as interested in protecting their environmental conditions, particularly when that protection involved a perceived threat to the industry. Eventually church and worker leadership separate from the union ("labor movement radicals") organized around "ethnic power" in reaction to the civil rights movement to address issues "of immediate concern, ranging from garbage collection to taxes" (p. 105). Unlike, the white middle class population, workers' efforts were tempered by the concern over keeping their jobs.
African-Americans, after decades of employment in the most dangerous and low-paying sectors of U.S. Steel's factory, finally were able to rally around an African-American candidate for mayor, Richard Hatcher, who was able to make some gains notably in the area of housing by securing a $13 million federal grant. Though pollution was not at the top of Hatcher's priorities, over his 20 year tenure as mayor, he eventually became an important component of the coalition that addressed the appalling conditions, both for workers and residents, around the coke plant.
A particularly remarkable effort documented by Hurley, is the concerted effort involving all three of the demographic groups discussed in his book. In 1970, these groups were able to find a common ground of concern and combine their efforts to force U.S. Steel to rebuild coke oven doors and to decrease emissions through improved maintenance and by observing longer coking periods. This was significant not only because the groups worked together but also because for probably the first time, citizens did not defer to what U.S. Steel told them was technically feasible but demanded improvements based on their own research. The unique circumstances that led to this victory included the strength and visibility of the national environmental movement led by Ralph Nadar, a healthy economy (and job stability for working class whites and blacks), and greater interest at the national level as evidenced by increased funding for federal water and air pollution control agencies.
A well-written analysis and important slice of environmental history in the U.S. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the effects of pollution as experienced by different groups of people.
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